Scientific Inquiry through Critical Thinking Using the<=
/p>
Research
Investigation Process (RIP): Year 2004-2005 Implementation
Manoa=
Elementary School=
p>
&nb=
sp;
Submitte=
d by
Robert E. Landsman, Ph. D.
ANOVA Sc=
ience
Education Consulting
October =
12, 2005
This professional development program was designed to
provide teachers at Manoa=
Elementary School w=
ith the
opportunity to broaden their understanding and knowledge of how to engage
students in true scientific inquiry through the Research Investigation Proc=
ess
(RIP). The RIP provides a frame=
work
in which integration of specific standards contribute to the authentic
practices of critical thinking engaged by scientists in learning about the
world. It addresses primarily=
the content
standard of science and supporting standards of mathematics and language ar=
ts (reading,
writing, and oral communication). This was the first year of the planned
three-year implementation period and focused on teachers of grades 3-5. Alt=
hough
their grade levels were not targeted for this implementation year, one first
and one second grade teacher also decided to participate.
The main goal for implementation of the RIP at Manoa Elementary
School is to introduce K-5 teachers to the
teaching of science through true scientific inquiry. Specifically, it is designed for
teachers to explore the research investigation process; to use the inquiry
process to learn how to design and conduct scientific research studies; to
become familiar with techniques to assist in guiding students through the
scientific inquiry process; to examine, practice, understand, and become
competent in the ability to apply data analysis techniques to decision-maki=
ng
in science; and to increase confidence in using scientific inquiry in their
approach to instructing students in science and in addressing the scientific
inquiry benchmarks and science inquiry content standards; and to increase
student interest in learning science.
The Research Investigation Process (RIP) was introduce=
d to
the targeted grade level teachers and they were provided the opportunity to
further develop their understanding of each of the elements of the RIP thro=
ugh
participation in bi-weekly two-hour training seminars during which specific
activities supporting the components of scientific inquiry and critical thi=
nking
were introduced. Teachers also participated in a group development of an ac=
tual
research investigation. Teachers were guided through a number of activities
related to making observations; posing research questions; obtaining,
examining, and evaluating background information; constructing hypotheses; =
and
designing the methods for a research investigation. Techniques in data summ=
ary,
analysis and presentation were explored in the context of hypothesis testing
and decision-making in science. Teachers were then expected to introduce
workshop-related concepts and activities learned into their classroom and g=
uide
their students in conducting their first guided RIP inquiry over the subseq=
uent
remainder of the academic year. During the seven-month implementation perio=
d,
individual teacher-small group conference sessions were available to the pa=
rticipating
teachers upon request. The individual teacher-small group sessions involved
modeling of instructional techniques and practices with students, assisting
teachers on curriculum development, and/or clarifying concepts presented in=
the
initial two-day workshop-seminar session and the bi-weekly training seminar=
s. Finally
the participants implemented their own guided RIP inquiry with their studen=
ts. All
aspects of this program are aligned with the State of Hawaii Science Content and Performance
Standards-III, the National Science Education Standards (NSES), and promoted
the achievement of the NSES More Em=
phasis
conditions believed to be necessary to meet standards.
The data for evaluation were obtained from assessments=
of 11
teacher-participants at the beginning of (Pre-Assessment, n=3D11), following
(Post-Assessment, n=3D10) a two-day intensive introductory workshop-seminar
designed to inform teachers about how and why to teach through scientific
inquiry, and at the end of the first year’s implementation period
implementation (Post-Implementation Assessment, n=3D7). Questionnaires were=
also
administered along with the Post-Implementation Assessment (Post-Implementa=
tion
Questionnaire). Items on the assessments required demonstration of knowledge
about the scientific inquiry process, data analyses procedures, and
decision-making in science. A number of these items required teachers to
demonstrate their knowledge through application. Self-report items measured
teacher confidence levels in understanding and using scientific inquiry in =
the
classroom and in comprehending and applying the scientific inquiry content =
standards
to their instruction. The response scale for the confidence items included
“not at all confident” (‘0’-value), “somewhat
confident” (‘3’-value), “confident”
(‘6’-value), “very confident” (‘9’-valu=
e),
and “completely confident” (‘9’-value). A concept
inventory determined teachers’ familiarity with and ability to teach
elements of scientific inquiry and data summary and analysis techniques. The
answer scale for the concept inventory items included “I am completely
unfamiliar with this concept” (value=3D1), “I am somewhat famil=
iar
with this concept, but do not really understand what it means” (value=
=3D
2), “I am familiar with this concept , and have a fair understanding =
of
what it means” (value =3D 3), “I am very familiar with this con=
cept,
but would have some difficulty teaching it to others” (value =3D 4), =
and
“I am completely familiar with this concept and could easily teach it=
to
others” (value =3D 5). =
The pre-
and post-workshop-seminar and the post-program implementation assessment it=
ems
were the same except for five additional self-report items included on the =
Post-Assessment
and Post-Implementation assessment. These additional items assessed the
teachers’ perceptions of how much their understanding of scientific
inquiry changed and improved as a result of participation in the program.
Finally, the Post-Implementation Questionnaire contained a number items rel=
ated
to the impact of the program on teacher implementation in the classroom and=
on
the students.
One-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine
significant differences (indicating change) in means for the responses on i=
tems
from the Pre-Assessment, Post-Assessment, and Post-Implementation Assessmen=
t.
Following a significant effect, Tukey’s Tests were used for multiple
comparisons. Paired t-tests were used to determine significant
differences (indicating change) between Post-Assessment and Post-Implementa=
tion
Assessment mean values for the five additional items not on the Pre-Assessm=
ent.
The criterion for statistical significance (a)
for all tests was set at 0.05.
Note that the ANOVAs were analyzed with missing data a=
nd
that the sample sizes were small in general. Because the power of the
statistical analyses was extremely low, negative findings especially where =
the
means appear to differ, should be interpreted cautiously.
Teacher Knowledge and Understanding of Scientific Inquiry, the Research
Investigation Process (RIP), and Confidence in Teaching Scientific Inquiry<=
/p>
Workshop participants demonstrated a large, statistica=
lly
significant increase in their knowledge and understanding of the individual=
elements
of the RIP at the end of the 2-day introductory workshop-seminar (Figure 1,
below). This included the log=
ical
order of the RIP elements, understanding of components involved in each
element, and demonstration of the ability to construct testable hypotheses.
Although not statistically significant, compared with to the Post-Assessmen=
t,
there was a further 2- point gain following the implementation period. Thus,
the actual implementation had only a minor impact on furthering teacher
understanding of scientific inquiry and the RIP.
&n=
bsp;
&n=
bsp; Assessment
|
|
Figure 1.
Demonstration of knowledge and understanding of the elements
of the RIP on the Pre-Assessment, Post-Assessment
and Post-
Implementation Assessment.
=
There were a total of 25 points available on this
portion of the assessment.
Statistical comparison of the three means indica=
ted
a statistically-significant difference [F
(2,15)=3D12.30, p<0.001].
* indicates mean is significantly
greater than mean Pre-Assessment mean
The post-workshop-seminar and post program implementat=
ion
increase in teacher-participant knowledge and understanding of the research
process was accompanied by a significant increase in teacher’
self-reported familiarity and understanding of concepts related to the
scientific research process in the concepts inventory (Figure 2, below). The average participant’ res=
ponse
rose from below “familiar with a fair understanding of the concept=
221;
to “very familiar with the concept with some difficulty in teaching i=
t to
others” by the end of the implementation period. This showed that teachers recogniz=
ed
their increased knowledge and understanding.
Mean (+SEM) RIP Concept Inventory Score
|
|
Figure 2. Familiarity=
and
understanding of concepts related to elements of the RIP.=
The answer scale for the concept inventory items
included “I am completely unfamiliar with this concept” (value=
=3D1),
“I am somewhat familiar with this concept, but do not really understa=
nd
what it means” (value =3D 2), “I am familiar with this concept,=
and
have a fair understanding of what it means” (value =3D 3), “I a=
m very
familiar with this concept, but would have some difficulty teaching it to
others” (value =3D 4), and “I am completely familiar with this
concept and could easily teach it to others” (value =3D 5).
Statistical comparison=
of
the three means indicated a statistically-significant
difference [F (2,15)=3D8.52, p<0.003].
* indicates
mean =
is
significantly greater than mean Pre-Assessment mean
The extended training sessions and implementat=
ion of
the RIP into the classroom resulted in statistically-significant impact on
teacher confidence levels regarding scientific inquiry. By the end of implementation, part=
icipating
teachers’ self-reported confidence levels for their ability to use
scientific inquiry, their ability to teach and engage students in scientific
research activities, and their understanding of teaching science through
inquiry appeared to increase, although the change for the latter item was n=
ot
statistically significant (see Figures 3, 4 and 5, respectively). from less
than “confident” to “confident” or higher.
Regarding their ability to actually use scient=
ific
inquiry as an instructional tool in the classroom (Figure 3), the teachers'
confidence increased significantly from “somewhat confident” be=
fore
implementation to “confident”&=
nbsp;
by the end of the implementation period. However, the apparent higher mean
confidence level by the end of the initial two-day workshop-seminar was not
different from the pre-workshop-seminar mean.
&n=
bsp;
Somewhat Confident
|
|
Mean (+SEM) Confidence
Score
|
|
Figure 3. Self-report=
ed
confidence levels for ability to use scientific inquiry. The response scale for the confide=
nce
items included “not at all confident” (‘0’-value),
“somewhat confident” (‘3’-value), “confident&=
#8221;
(‘6’-value), “very confident” (‘9’-valu=
e).
Statistical comparison=
of
the three means indicated a statistically-significant
difference [F (2,15)=3D5.13, p<0.03].
* indicates
mean =
is
significantly greater than mean Pre-Assessment mean
&=
nbsp;
By the end of the implementation, the
teachers’ felt indicated that the=
ir confidence
in the ability to teach and engage students in scientific research activiti=
es
had increased compared to pre-implementation levels (Figure 4). Similar to =
the
previous question and consistent with the trend for them to demonstrate
significantly increased knowledge about scientific inquiry and the RIP (Fig=
ure
1), again teachers showed a signifi=
cant
increase at the end of implementation, but not after the 2-day workshop=
-seminar
initial sessions.
&n=
bsp;  =
;
Assessment
|
|
&n=
bsp;
Somewhat Confident
|
|
Mean (+SEM) Confidence
Score
|
|
Figure 4. Self-report=
ed
confidence levels for ability to teach and engage students in scientific
research activities. The resp=
onse
scale for the confidence items included “not at all confident”
(‘0’-value), “somewhat confident”
(‘3’-value), “confident” (‘6’-value), a=
nd
“very confident” (‘9’-value).
Statistical comparison=
of
the three means indicated a statistically-significant
difference [F (2,15)=3D4.32, p=3D0.03].
* indicates mean is significantly =
greater
than mean Pre-Assessment mean
Self-reported
teacher confidence levels for understanding instruction of science through
inquiry also appeared to incr=
ease
following participation in the program, especially following the implementa=
tion
period (Figure 5). However, probably due to the small sample sizes and
resulting low power of the statistical test, the apparent changes were not
statistically significant.
&n=
bsp;
Somewhat Confident
|
|
Mean (+SEM) Confidence
Score
|
|
Figure 5. Self-report=
ed
confidence levels for understanding of teaching science through inquiry. The response scale for the confide=
nce
items included “not at all confident” (‘0’-value),
“somewhat confident” (‘3’-value),
“confident” (‘6’-value), and “very
confident” (‘9’-value).
Statistical comparison of the three means did not
indicate a statistically-significant difference [F (2,15)=3D2.23, p&=
gt;0.05].
Teacher Understanding of and Ability to Apply Data
Summary, Presentation, and Analysis techniques to Decision-Making in Scienc=
e
In general, there was no clear effect of the program on
teacher ability to organize data into tables and construct graphs. By the e=
nd
of the workshop, participants demonstrated only a slight, overall statistic=
ally
significant, change in their knowledge and ability to correctly organize da=
ta
into a summary table and to construct a bar graph for comparing the central
tendency for two groups of data (Figure 6, below). However, Tukey’s multiple
comparisons failed to indicate any significant mean differences. This again was due to the small si=
ze of
the change in means together with the small sample sizes and low power of t=
he
statistical test.
|
|
Mean (+SEM) Data Summary & Presentation=
Score
|
|
&n=
bsp;  =
;
Assessment
|
|
Figure 6.&nb=
sp;
Demonstration of understanding and ability to apply data organization
and presentation techniques to data.
This section was worth a total of 10 points.
Statistical comparison=
of
the three means indicated a statistically-significant
difference [F (2,15)=3D3.81, p<0.05]. However, no mean differences were found with=
o:p>
Tukey’s test.
In contrast to the lack of influence of program
participation on data presentation skills of teachers, participants
demonstrated a dramatic change in their knowledge and ability to apply data
analysis techniques to research data.
Comparison of the assessments revealed that by the they significantly
increased their understanding of how to calculate descriptive statistics and
their ability to determine which measure of central tendency is most
appropriate for a group of data (Figures 7 and 8, below).
The teachers significantly increased their mean data
analysis score by the end of the two-day initial workshop-seminar sessions =
and
doubled the value of their Pre-Assessment score by the end of implementatio=
n of
the program (Figure 7).
Mean (+SEM) Data Analysis Score
|
|
Figure 7.&nb=
sp;
Demonstration of understanding of the calculations for descriptive
statistics. This section was worth a total of 24 points.
Statistical comparison=
of
the three means indicated a statistically-significant
difference [F (=
2,15)
=3D 8.66, p=3D0.003].
&n=
bsp;
* indicates
mean =
is
significantly greater than mean Pre-Assessment mean
Although there was no significant difference b=
etween
the pre- and post initial workshop-seminar assessments for teacher ability =
to
determine the appropriate measure of central tendency to use for a group of
data, teachers dramatically increased this ability by the end of the
implementation period (Figure 8). =
span>Thus,
it appears that the implementation of the RIP program had a profound affect=
on
the teachers’ data analysis capabilities.
Mean (+SEM) Data Analysis Score
|
|
Figure 8.&nb=
sp;
Demonstration of ability to determine the most appropriate statistic=
to
represent central tendency for a group of data. This section was worth a total of =
16
points.
Statistical comparison of the three means indica=
ted
a statistically-significant difference [F (2,15) =3D 5.11, p<0.02].
* indicates
mean =
is
significantly greater than mean Pre-Assessment mean
Participants demonstrated a statistically
significant increase in their ability to interpret data presented in scatte=
rplots
and summarized in bar graphs, almost doubling their performance by the end =
of
the program implementation (Figure 9, below). The mean post-implementation =
score,
however, was only at about 66% of the total possible. Again, similar to their data analys=
is
ability results, the teachers’ post initial workshop-seminar assessme=
nt
did not significantly differ from the Pre-Assessment.
Mean (+SEM) Graph Interpretation Score
|
|
Figure 9.&nb=
sp;
Demonstration of ability to interpret scatterplots and bar graphs. This section was worth a total of =
15
points.
Statistical comparison of the three means indica=
ted
a statistically-significant difference [F (2,15) =3D 4.48, p<0.03].
* indicates
mean =
is
significantly greater than mean Pre-Assessment mean
Although the partici=
pants
demonstrated increased knowledge of and ability to apply data presentation =
and
analyses following implementation of the program, their self-perceptions did
not always agree as they did not report a corresponding change in their
self-reported familiarity and understanding of concepts related to data
analysis in the concepts inventory (Figure 10).
Mean (+SEM) Central Tendency Concept Invent=
ory
Score
|
|
Figure 10. Familiarity and understanding of concepts related to
measuring central tendency. T=
he
answer scale for the concept inventory items included “I am completely
unfamiliar with this concept” (value=3D1), “I am somewhat famil=
iar
with this concept, but do not really understand what it means” (value=
=3D
2), “I am familiar with this concept, and have a fair understanding of
what it means” (value =3D 3), “I am very familiar with this con=
cept,
but would have some difficulty teaching it to others” (value =3D 4), =
and
“I am completely familiar with this concept and could easily teach it=
to
others” (value =3D 5).<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>
Statistical comparison of the three means did not
indicate a statistically-significant difference [F (2,15)=3D1.53, p&=
gt;0.05].
However, by the end =
of the
workshop, the average participant’ response for organizing data using
tables and graphs rose significantly from between “somewhat familiar =
with
concept, but do not really understand what it means” and =
220;I
am familiar with this concept, and have a fair understanding of what it
means” to between “I =
very
familiar with this concept but would have some
difficulty teaching it to others” and “I
am completely familiar with this concept and could easily teach it to
others
(Figure 11).
Mean (+SEM) Tables & Graphs Concept Inv=
entory
Score
|
|
Figure 11. Familiarity and understanding of concepts related to tables and gra=
phs.
The answer scale for t=
he
concept inventory items included “I am completely unfamiliar with this
concept” (value=3D1), “I am somewhat familiar with this concept=
, but
do not really understand what it means” (value =3D 2), “I am fa=
miliar
with this concept, and have a fair understanding of what it means” (v=
alue
=3D 3), “I am very familiar with this concept, but would have some
difficulty teaching it to others” (value =3D 4), and “I am comp=
letely
familiar with this concept and could easily teach it to others” (value =3D 5).
Statistical comparison of the three means indica=
ted
a statistically-significant difference [F
(2,15)=3D13.01, p<0.001].
* indicates
mean =
is
significantly greater than mean Pre-Assessment mean
Benchmarks and Standards
General teacher
confidence in and awareness of ability to understand and apply scientific
inquiry to the teaching of science, and in ability to successfully address =
the
scientific inquiry standards, was enhanced by their participation in the RIP
program. Participant self-reported confidence in ability to address content
standards in the classroom rose significantly from less than “somewha=
t confident”
to above “confident” by the end of the workshop (Figure 12, bel=
ow).
Although mean self-reported
confidence appeared to increase from exposure to the introductory two-day
workshop-seminar, this value did not significantly differ from the pre-work=
shop-seminar
value.
=
Mean (+SEM) Confidence
Score
|
|
Figure 12. Self-repor=
ted
confidence levels for ability to address content standards in the
classroom. The response scale=
for
the confidence items included “not at all confident”
(‘0’-value), “somewhat confident”
(‘3’-value), “confident” (‘6’-value), a=
nd
“very confident” (‘9’-value).
Statistical comparison of the three=
means
indicated a statistically-significant
difference [F (2,15)=3D4.61, p&=
lt;0.03].
* indicates
mean =
is
significantly greater than mean Pre-Assessment mean
Similarly, by the end of the implementation of=
the
program, participant confidence about ability to accurately and completely
address the scientific inquiry benchmarks and performance indicators increa=
sed
from below “somewhat confident” to about “confident”
(Figure 13, below).
&n=
bsp;
Somewhat Confident
|
|
Mean (+SEM) Confidence
Score
|
|
Figure 13. Self-repor=
ted
confidence levels for ability to accurately and completely address the
scientific inquiry benchmarks and performance indicators. The response scale
for the confidence items included “not at all confident”
(‘0’-value), “somewhat confident”
(‘3’-value), “confident” (‘6’-value), a=
nd
“very confident” (‘9’-value).
Statistical comparison=
of
the three means indicated a statistically-significant
difference [F (2,15)=3D6.03, p<0.02].
=
*
indicates mean is significantly greater
than mean Pre-Assessment mean
Finally, by the end of the2-day introductory
workshop-seminar and at the end of the program implementation, teachers
significantly increased their self-reported familiarity and understanding of
inquiry standards from between being “completely unfamiliar with this
concept” and “som=
ewhat
familiar with this concept, but not really understanding what it means̶=
1;
to being between “familiar with this
concept, with “a fair understanding of what it means” and
“very familiar” with this concept, but “would have some
difficulty teaching it to others.”&n=
bsp;
This increase was statistically significant and was consistent with =
the
increase in teacher-participant confidence regarding scientific inquiry and
addressing the inquiry standards (Figure 13, below).
&n=
bsp;  =
;
Assessment
|
|
Mean (+SEM) Inquiry Standards Concept Inven=
tory
Score
|
|
Figure 14. Familiarit=
y and
understanding of concept of inquiry standards. The answer scale for the concept
inventory items included “I am completely unfamiliar with this
concept” (value=3D1), “I am somewhat familiar with this concept=
, but
do not really understand what it means” (value =3D 2), “I am fa=
miliar
with this concept, and have a fair understanding of what it means” (v=
alue
=3D 3), “I am very familiar with this concept, but would have some
difficulty teaching it to others” (value =3D 4), and “I am comp=
letely
familiar with this concept and could easily teach it to others” (value =3D 5).
Statistical comparison=
of
the three means indicated a statistically-significant
difference [F (2,15)=3D44.35, p<0.001].
=
* i=
ndicates
mean is significantly greater than mean
Pre-Assessment mean
Tea=
cher
Perceptions of Impact of their Participation in the RIP Program on Changes =
in
Knowledge and Abilities
The Post-Assessment and Post-Implementation
Assessment contained five self-report items designed to assess how much
teacher-participants believed their knowledge and abilities regarding the
scientific research investigation process and scientific inquiry were impac=
ted
by their participation in this program. The results from these items are
presented in Figures
15-20, below.
Five of the six participants who responded to =
this
item claimed that their understanding of the scientific inquiry process was=
changed a “moderate amount=
8221;,
while one of the participants claimed that it was changed “a large am=
ount”,
after the initial 2-day workshop. By the end of the program implementation,=
50%
of the participants reported that their understanding was “changed
“a large amount”. There was no difference in self-reported
understanding between the two assessments (Figure 15). =
p>
Mean (+SEM) Self-Reported Change
|
|
Figure 15. <=
/span>Tea=
cher-participants’
responses to the question, “To what extent, if any, did your
understanding of scientific inquiry change as a result of your participatio=
n in
this professional development program?”
No difference was found between the means [t(5)=3D-1.58, p>0.05]. Only N=3D6 teachers answered this questionnaire on =
both of
the assessments.
&=
nbsp;
Eighty-three percent (5 of 6) of the teachers
claimed that their understanding of the scientific inquiry process improved a “moderate amount&=
#8221;
as a result of their participation in the RIP professional development prog=
ram
following the two-day initial workshop-seminar session. At the end of the program
implementation, half of the teachers attributed “a large amount”=
; of
improvement in their understanding of scientific inquiry to their participa=
tion
in the RIP professional development program (Figure 16). There was no difference in self-re=
ported
improvement in understanding between the two assessments (Figure 16).<=
/o:p>
&n=
bsp;
An
Extremely Large Amount
|
|
Mean (+SEM) Self-Reported Improvement
|
|
Figure 16. <=
/span>Tea=
cher-participants’
responses to the question, “To what extent, if any, did your
understanding of scientific inquiry improve
as a result of your participation in this professional development
program?” =
span>
No difference was found between the means [t(5)=3D-2.00, p>0.05]. Only N=3D6 teachers answered this questionnaire on =
both
of the assessments.
Similar
to the previous item, eighty-three percent (5 of 6) of the teachers
claimed that their understanding of the science inquiry standards and
performance indicators changed a
“moderate amount” as a result of their participation in the RIP
professional development program following the two-day initial workshop-sem=
inar
session. And again, by the en=
d of
the program implementation, one-half of the teachers reported that their
understanding of the standards had changed “a large amount” as a
result of their participation in the program. (Figure 17). Although the
reported change in understanding appeared to increase by the end of the
implementation period, there was no significant difference in self-reported
change in understanding between the two assessments (Figure 17).
<=
/o:p>
Mean (+SEM) Self-Reported Change
|
|
Figure 17. <=
/span>Tea=
cher-participants’
responses to the question, “To what extent, if any, did your
understanding of the scientific inquiry standards and performance indicators
change as a result of your participation in this professional development
program?” =
span>
No difference was found between the means [t(5)=3D-2.00, p>0.05]. Only N=3D6 teachers answered this questionnaire on =
both
of the assessments.
One-half (3 of 6) of the teachers claimed th=
at
their understanding of the scientific inquiry standards and performance ind=
icators
improved a “large amount,=
two a
“moderate amount,” and one a “slight amount” as a
result of their participation in the RIP professional development program
following the two-day initial workshop-seminar session. At the end of the program implemen=
tation,
half of the teachers attributed “a large amount” and half a
“moderate amount’ of improvement in their understanding of
scientific inquiry to their participation in the RIP professional developme=
nt
program (Figure 18). Again, t=
here
was no difference in self-reported improvement in understanding between the=
two
assessments (Figure 18).
&n=
bsp;
An
Extremely Large Amount
|
|
Mean (+SEM) Self-Reported Improvement
|
|
Figure 18. <=
/span>Tea=
cher-participants’
responses to the question, “To what extent, if any, did your
understanding of the scientific inquiry standards and performance indicator=
s improve as a result of your
participation in this professional development program?”
No difference was found between the means [t(5)=3D0-.35, p>0.05]. Only N=3D6 teachers answered this questionnaire on =
both of
the assessments.
Five
of six teachers (83%) claimed their interpretation of inquiry-based
instruction changed a “mo=
derate
amount” as a result of their participation in the RIP professional
development program following the two-day initial workshop-seminar
session. At the end of the pr=
ogram
implementation, two-thirds of the teachers reported that their understandin=
g of
the standards had changed “a large amount” as a result of their
participation in the program (Figure 19). The teacher reported change in
interpretation of inquiry-based instruction by the end of the implementation
period was significantly greater compared to after the two-day initial work=
shop-seminar
session (Figure 19).=
span>
=
Mean (+SEM) Self-Reported Change
|
|
Figure 19. <=
/span>Tea=
cher-participants’
responses to the question, “To what extent, if any, did your interpre=
tation
of inquiry-based instruction change as a result of your participation in th=
is
professional development program?”&n=
bsp;
A statistically significant difference was found=
between
the means [t(5)=3D-2.71, p<0.05]. Only N=3D6 teachers an=
swered
this questionnaire on both of the assessments.
=
*
indicates mean is significantly greater
than mean Post-Assessment mean
Tea=
cher
Perceptions of Impact of Participation in the RIP Scientific Inquiry Progra=
m on
Students in the Classroom
Following the first =
year
of implementation, the participating teachers completed a brief questionnai=
re
designed to gather information on their perceptions of impact on their using
scientific inquiry as an instructional tool in the classroom as well as the=
ir
perception of the impact of learning through inquiry on their students̵=
7;
interest in learning science.
All=
of
the teachers have increased their use of scientific inquiry as an instructi=
onal
tool in the classroom. Six of the 7 teachers who responded to the questionn=
aire
claimed that their use of scientific inquiry in the classroom
“increased” since participating in the inquiry program and the
remaining teacher felt that hers “greatly increased” (Figure 20=
).
Fig=
ure 20. Pie chart representing 7
teacher-participants’ responses to completion of, “Since participating in this inquiry progr=
am, my
use of scientific inquiry (RIP) in the classroom has
______________.” The sc=
ale
for responses included “greatly decreased,” “decreased,=
8221;
“remained unchanged,” “increased,” “and ̶=
0;greatly
increased.”
The majority of the workshop-participants (6 o=
f 7 or
86%) stated that learning science through inquiry has increased their stude=
nts’
interest in learning science (Figure 21). One teacher felt that =
her
students’ interest in learning science had not changed.
Fig=
ure 21. Pie chart representing 7
teacher-participants’ responses to completion of, “Engaging my =
students
in learning science through inquiry has ______________ their interest in le=
arning
science.” The scale for
responses included “greatly decreased,” “decreased,”
“not changed,” “increased,” “and “great=
ly
increased.”
Six of the teachers agreed, and one slightly a=
greed,
that their involvement in this inquiry professional development program
increased their ability to engage their students in standards-based science=
learning
through scientific inquiry (Figure 22).
n=3D6
<=
/span> 86 %
<=
/o:p>
|
|
Fig=
ure 22. Pie chart representing 7
teacher-participants’ agreement with the statement, “My involve=
ment
in this inquiry professional development program has increased my ability to
engage my students in standards-based science learning through scientific
inquiry.” The scale for
responses included “strongly disagree,” “moderately disag=
ree,”
“slightly disagree,” “neutral,” “ “slig=
htly
agree,” “moderately agree,” and “strongly agree.=
221;
Fin=
ally,
all but one of the participating teachers stated that their involvement in =
the
professional development program increased their ability to develop a
standards-based unit incorporating RIP scientific inquiry (Figure 23).=
<=
/span>
n=3D1=
o:p>
14 %<=
/b>
|
|
Fig=
ure 23. Pie chart representing 7
teacher-participants’ agreement with the statement, “My involve=
ment
in this inquiry professional development program has increased my ability to
engage my students in standards-based science learning through scientific
inquiry.” The scale for=
responses
included “strongly disagree,” “moderately disagree,”
“slightly disagree,” “neutral,” “ “slig=
htly
agree,” “moderately agree,” and “strongly agree.=
221;
Sum=
mary
and Conclusions
Overall, the first y=
ear of
RIP scientific inquiry at Manoa
Elementary School w=
as
successful as it met the goals for which it was implemented. K-5 teachers were introduced to the
teaching of science through true scientific inquiry. Teachers explored the research
investigation process; used t=
he
inquiry process to learn how to design and conduct scientific research stud=
ies
themselves and with their students; they learned activities and techniques =
to
assist in guiding their stude=
nts
through the scientific inquiry process; they learned data analysis techniqu=
es
for making decisions in science that are appropriate for elementary student=
s; they
felt increased confidence in using scientific inquiry in their approach to
instructing students in science and in addressing the scientific inquiry
benchmarks and science inquiry content standards; and they used scientific
inquiry in the classroom as a tool to increase student interest in learning
science.
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image003.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image005.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlh9ADCAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALBEAFQDU
AJgAgwAAAAAAAAUEBAsKCgcGBgYFBQgHBwsJCgMDAwkICAoICQcGBwwKCwkHCMz//////wT/cIhA
gL046827/2AojmRpnmYRDIGBvnAsz3R9BgEQCHbv/8CgbHLACY/IpLI2QAgmGhzuQa1ar9isdsvt
er/gsHhMLmcvu07AzG673/C4fEtYBRLquX7P7/vBCggtHmt/hoeIiWIihYqOj5B+jJGUlZZlk5ea
m5xUmZ2goYqfoqWmeqSnqquYIY2ssLFdqbK1trS2uay4ur2lvL7BnMDCxZXExsmOyMrNhszO0XvQ
0tVw1NbZZtja3WHc3uFc4OLlV+Tm6ejp5evs4e7v3fHy2fT11ff40fr7zf3+kgEwEACBgjwBAyaw
U4HDq4T1oHx4CPHdDgEIBiCsWA9HER4Z/6RQ5GgOihGHJOsRZFFgY0p1dQRoRPmSHcCatW7ijKVz
5y5XPtsBDQpvKNF5Ro/aS6o0H9OaIqNKnZrz6csADrJq1Yp1q9eRp3pa6+o1K9myDsCaElvt7Fe0
XKuCUMvR7Va7d+VOJIrXLFyzegnxLTsVLV1RbKX1/RtXVuJoixmnDewSZ2TGh0M9dnb5b2ZQm5t1
hvu5U2g5U1NLRS3ZM2WasNTKZt3a8OsNpTfN1pLby2jbjq2a2p2ld5ffhG9HkUUci3EuyL8qD8l8
S3M30fMGn2uGqqHrVp5brw2cp/Aw4rs7X30lfXHyybfvbeOejPj67eFLly+YvqL7tOkHmP8sB0wg
U2X2/VcGfuEJ2FgsCwTAQEEIjsEgegsGKOCFowDAUoVicPgFgHFk9yAsFhTEQBRSYKdggiU6OKB5
EzaEm4uJkAiHiTOimGIOsLGi4xs8TiaLCizYuNyIqjWpx5DYyWhkLBJQMNONTDaZ2pMZxiijiIhQ
o6VqXMK4o5RgHiLmmN6h1uWZX06HQWlstlnim0SiKScaYNTJnptm5hknfyCu52eLc0BJn56EBgnd
oYgCaqGG+qX5zHntQTpFonhGOah53GUJaZmTeumgpX+sqSmpIVIKH6qSYBqepmkqykaRsPah6qic
BurpqXum2CetrGJo6obB6jDsqr2WCif/sI1i6RuxzbZ6bKXJ0kmtpNY+i2y0S07LLLfGeostuNSJ
emixfbpKXq587LputeUKCi2o84nLK7ntXvtqtsvue6evi37qY6j6zsvviO7WBu80slZBa62dFnzv
wfket+3Aztr7Lb79Jewnuwz7+y7A6o5Mb7/m/ovunAErzHG3Hp8LcqGZjjtzvb9+jHHIGuu8Y8W3
MspTHUqGG7TAQxNctMGsEFSEC45at3HTHfdsMywmgSTt0jJjTbPWLsdixElfPyo0kUR3Z3RsOaCN
xsR012333XjnrbeWDwiig9dLBC744INLPQjhiCeueA9IL+7445BHLvnklFdu+eWYZ675/+acd+75
56CHLvropJdu+umop6766oRIceASIr0ewgFJwxD7lSDQzvoIRnwUeO9pMALkDMADPtHwux//ow4B
FNDSQDgs0MNJJxF0+AEqWCkSDdQDaT3V2ONAAAtSJD9XDr57ZMFKSdpQPPQKKDCIIAx8KHcM7xMU
//wS2o+8+Q5xnUbQJhX3CZB5y8seAQ6CQO4dsHsAUCAD7wdAFoVkePcrH/7+B0EAHKABBmqgBlGQ
QSCd5IMh7N7/KljCC0RIAe2rwf30Jz8XIEkHCGgg8f5Hw0HckEIUrOCcOIg869Vugxr4ngUYEKHm
aSQQAWAgEjOgRAAwEQcFeKIgpCjELnd68YtgDKMYx0jGMprxjGhMoxrXyMY2zu0GK3Sj+YJ4Pjl6
8WzNK0gCImQQ5jVgBwOMox1Zh8cDTCgAhgQiIotQAToOUnV4XB4CIejIR6IukiKMmwk1aUkAYpKS
USyC9DDZSUhyMpN+tNIkBVlKFrKylWOsJOciAAA7
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image007.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image010.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlhYwBSAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALBYAIQA2
ABkAgAAAAAAAAAI+hI+py40BnZw0wVCzfrjjDUrXGJaiiTJRlLbA+rnyTNf2jef6zvf+DwzqLsIG
sWjpvGLI0RH5gCpg0gO1WgAAOw==
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image012.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image014.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image017.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image019.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image021.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlh8ADAAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALBEAFQDQ
AJYAgwAAAAAAAAUEBAsKCgcGBgYFBQgHBwsJCgMDAwkICAoICQcGBwwKCwkHCMz//////wT/cIhA
gL046827/2AojmRpnmIRDIGBvnAsz3Q9BgEQCHbv/8AganLACY/IpDI2QAgmGhzuQa1ar9isdsvt
er/gsHhMLlcvu07AzG673/C4/EpYBRLquX7P7/u5CggtHmt/hoeIiV4ihYqOj5B6jJGUlZZhk5ea
m5qZnJ+giZ6hpKVzo6apqmSoq66vWq2ws7CytLeptri7oLq8v5e+wMOQwsTHiMbIy33KzM9yztDT
bdLU12PW2NuLIY3c4Gza4eRn3uXoYuPp4Ovs2+7v1/Hy0/T1z/f4y/r7x/3+hgEwEACBgjwB6yWw
U4HDt4TpoHx4CLHcDgEIBiCsmA5HER4Z/6RQ5AgOihGHJLGIXMmS5SyCLApsTEklgIObOHHazJlz
pCkAdQRoREmzyk6eN48i9VkK4DalPKH2nOUUm1SdSHVSPVe0ZtakXx0wJVX12lWwX8eGKkvtrNiw
antx7eq27lYQcf3VhXt3YlevafnWmltUasulfQn9feA2rNjEM2k2FvyK7bTJaSETddWy80o5mLPm
5WSZj0+mo7+ERjwYL6zTW1J7WR1V8wbZlmBrwc2F9tTWfl/pzsI7tmPKrkrvGa4S9PHMwBUL3x3b
+XPWlQmrYn6l+O7r2JNrT/WwZfM4vrVGj0yejHfi4Guv37yK93uV8X9ndz19zP3u+am3X/9wnLln
XYD/OaKcHvYdmF+Ciiw4R4PoBZiUbVGYYd4fFMKR3oWwHDCBUOz5l0iHb3z4GCwLBMBAQSWKAaFq
BlZo4YzJABBTjGHg2AWKbqjooyEWFMRAFFIEeWKNHlq4YnYvNnSbkogA2YaQd5005ZVLmmgjgrOo
wIKUGXJZJZMpOjnkHxJQMNSWbKxJnZdN3ohhSK+hGaSad2IwmmeAMqjnlXzOB+ePgHYmKJ1p2mlo
mbMluiFog8ZZ6IDSRSrpZxNWquGl4vGn6aZJdsrono5iymN3pIq0qIwOxidnM+Pt1mqplJ5KaKqh
EojorUNaaSmvqzgD7BSmwvrlg32iAcb/scF6WgaWj+Kp2rGv9hgreLPyYSy2yWq7rKzNFvksuLkq
WyeY1fp5LrDZPrvtdd3u8S284co7Lrfl6vDurfHSuC+9/f6JLnrSugdqsbUSd7CHCfu3sCr3Apyv
wOsy266z1+KbrrgZk7uxuR1b/LG+IfM7sr8ltxrwbPM+V68kDav0cIoRyzhxLjWz6jHCug7Lrqr0
9XYzleo2OnSvmf5qMtBJo7o0w6I67fLFMA8sM1V1kAmp1aS+/GPMx808B0FFuFB0bEebGfWuU6ti
EkiHGv0zxEF/Sux2OWj5td1P4/220BoL13cOIUGr+OKMN+7445C7LIgOdC9h+eWYK4H2/yCZd+75
5zN0DfropJdu+umop6766qy37vrrsMcu++y012777bjnrvvuvPfu+++li0TiEsK/CcIBXqNQ/AjI
A89IDh9ZbkT0z88wfRrVO48X4kbgUIBMA+GwQA8nnUQQ5weo4KZIMpSP+Plqp48DASxIof1E0Kfh
kQUwjWnD9TwgiAIUMAhBMGBHfnsBAMM3wAK6CIGIu58apEAiLbHkfxTUiPsAoD4CHEQHEYTB8jbY
wQ8mUIKJS2GRQghCFp4ggRsEwAEaMCIQrtCF2UMD9xA3wxq6D4fag2EEW6QA/9UggQIkoAvEpAME
2LB9LEziIJgIoxOiUIcq5N/8yOdC+JRZgAEtCkABNBKIAHxQgV3EgdrA6D0yCuKMV4yjHOdIxzra
8Y54zKMe98jHPvrxj4C0oxW3F0g5DhJ/hYxj98RYkAS0yCAgbMAONAjERPpukQd4UQAyWcVNFqEC
h7Qk7xa5wlJuMJSi1B0pn7jKVabSea3cIQgVUITxufKVozxcKW2IA0nSj5eVxOX9UClMOhLTdREA
ADs=
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image023.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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==
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image025.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image027.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image029.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image031.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlh+QDAAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALBIAFgDJ
AJQAgwAAAAAAAAwKCwsJCgcGBwkICAoICQcGBgMDAwYFBQUEBAsKCgkHCAgHB////wECAwT/UIQZ
gL046827/2AojmRpntoQEGjrvnAsz14RGHSu73w/HgEEYuArGo9IUsIgUWgoAYd0Sq1ar9isdsvt
er/gsPh7mXSi47R6zW6739VEYBE4nOH4vH7Pzy4UdQt3fYSFhodaImiIjI2Ob4qPkpOUXJGVmJmT
l5qdnoScn6KjbaGkp6hepqmsrVSrrrGosLK1n7S2uZi4ur2PvL7Bh8DCxXzExslwyMrNa8zO0WHQ
0tWWIYvW2mnU295TFgZmHNnf5lsWgBXk5+3oDDbrG+Xu9VICTuPz9vxTBzj6ylDo1w9KQAz0CJoT
OEihO4bsHD7EJnEiiIQVrXXLGGwjx14e/z/m8mhwgshUIaVgPHmLopqVLDuldAAzZqaZNW1Wwnmo
pE+fNnkawrgyJ0GhhYhmMdoPKSGlWJjyc9oH6hWp9pj93IqVi1UrXS1+YMr1J55yQKuEbae1bMmz
Ytaea+sWCtwwcs0NAKRAUESvde3CCZv3G4EAEhA03BJY8BvCQQHQSbBYS+OBg+NGDiKg8tLLhcFq
jmlBgp0MjhmDvgsm9DaI+7qAdk0Fckw5dE7HBnyZ9Rfa1v4E8hx1dWa8kS96me17efKxy40/Hs2S
buPmsp97ICvdje3qLnlfP95aO/Gr3dt8P2k9MHav5v+q7k3+d/zd88dPR046fH739TnXn/9ysqXH
xnoitVfXe4zd90R09O1X3oDQFRihd9Sx559lBq6B4EcKusWgZQ6iBqF+GPIHHoHiASihfRRud6KL
KU7I0l4B9HUeWB2+lKFICCCW445q9ZjGhxzB9qCFKKr3I4gA2KCbQCYxSaOTKrInDgKdycfhhVja
eNJkXXr5GZgHPskRAQ2w+N+CAWYXExRtmlkcmh6qmVGIZY24VIkIzQjniwKuWGGLg9YIo6EyWplo
mItq6OaXTaaZZYIbnllpnpdCOammV1oqJqaf3rmpj50mmampoXI6qqeHvilinPDFSGRtRo6B5J6r
oocnqq+qWqqvpx6pZ0V8cuVnVICWIej/rITKyeitUzBHa4O22klsq8BGSmqslHJrbKq8HtYootAq
WuiYQMiDX7iPiurtRwHI4e6S6PZ5LYkx2XGQiY6mC+m6mP4LwGwIJ6zwwgw37PBqFhicxMQUV6yD
xBZnrPHG2NzL8ccghyzyyCSXbPLJKKes8sost+zyyzDHLPPMNNds880456xzyVDoKMIAU7bQs18h
AL0zzxWo4IQiHp9ghtIjYHx0xuOM08AEdQ5g7wF0UABD1etcHUDWW3ct9dQUPz3k1QaI02aQAkx2
cNMmqO0E224DALfcZ6M98dBzR1zB1jgE/jUFOoINAOGC+x3yQYoDMAADfBnutdP3Rj55quVg0+24
EQfhPfbicxysWN8dZyB6m7iZbvjnG/8rdp0CHFavIAYEWbjQHs9emu0J4K477MQXb/zxyCev/PLM
N+/889BHL/30oHu+nfXUz4z6E9hnH7MZE8iBQAGHIQBQAAzkKMj23rcMfgADSAB/YnMPoIK/3bfv
8vuNB644+/pTGf8sV4H/5S+AKxugAQ2gAhYMEIEyU+A63pc+rvnvgBDUHgYzuDMASi8CADs=
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image033.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image035.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlhDQLUAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALCUANgDg
AX8AhAAAAAAAAE1NTWBgYGhoaHx8fICAgJqamoyMjKenp729vbKyssDAwNDQ0NnZ2cfHx+Hh4enp
6fDw8P///wECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwX/oCGOZGmeaKqubOu+
ZiDPdG3f8xjAfO//wKCQBCgaj8ikcslsOp/QqHRKTRoY2Kx2y+16v+CweEzO4s7lcsCcbrvf8Lh8
njVU7/i8fs9/XumAgXQ4gnBrWIeFiouMjV12fZGSk5R7f46YhmeJmW2JnJ2hoqNbkJWnqKmnl6Sj
N62An2abtISwt6Smqru8vVGsuIKvwcJsiBPIycrLzM0TtTTE0m26vtbXvsDTbzPbjLLHzuLj5Mxo
3t7V2Ovsk9roXbbwiuAMAeX4+fq1853q7QADVnnXr1u/TvXu6VvIkKG8g3P+CZxIcQlBYsMgIjRm
r6HHjw4NanQjsaLJihdJ/9UYeSshyJcwy9lgKabkyZsAUyKUQRMjR4UxgwpttrKnFps4k17T2Uik
UVwuh0qdqmwmS6RKs+5iGqjoU2lRqYodG+0gVq1oK3Gd4/TrtLBj44q1Ou1s2rt91soJMGCAV7ct
f8odTLgsLrsACCteHFdvHL59I/ttC3gjIjOMM1PleQux5s+gGzo2JLl037+VvwkOzRok5UyeW8ue
jWw0N9M0cBtO3XU17d/4XjOKDbw4Y9tuIE8G+ix3adS8k/s2Tp2o8EDEq2unitzTZJkzTC8HFX0M
3O3okXFelD29e5Dd1choWEP39fI/Mb9/v5tOe7Lz7edagPrEJwaBMNX3XP9/+NkznYDu3VfGf3Mh
COFCMzBk4BcWSqWgZNBVdt6FEZJHjRQe1ULiUBkutOEWLS7m3ILrATbiiunVeGIUKY7DnHoBZpiA
AAEQoMAyDRQgwwEQJDNDA0QWkIwCBBR5pDIQHDBDAQ4o4wACMzC5DJVWMjNkAAdEEGM+LyLy42cf
RhaiRjfimCMcFMrkozlBykAkDVdOkIANTTYXwJ8IIDMoDVIi48ANDSDzwA1dKlpDo8goOcOfb5Lz
YoezxXkag/PUaSd6JtaEIn17LtPilhIIKgMByDQgQwGxDtrolsjEamsAC0yggAxXVvkAMmoWicyf
EUzwqLIT/BrssAFcSS3/rhNo2uk4BoJKnajjperTZeGcCiGpXuRJzrbq8anQDIUaigyYARQqAQKF
zlDpvATeukwECmgLZLWxLkOvkwE0qmmlz7LrTHwOoxqefTpC9aC555KhbqvOvPkqgh9vu6ahNiST
ZMkT0HvrsQjfMHBV3oqDXMznzgiihJiYinGEY2wsjsMe98lcyB1beAYy1AqwQLIKRaCtn5UeLW/L
Gia3s3UT34xzITpfjaqqPLL6s7svUz012TBvW2UAzZ49AQQLrA3tyGaXXaAnXq9r86hb73Vx3vyF
4XPHHJu9Zov0VnpvvhbS27arAUpA9wRM88t2M4k7Ojm3aUQMeNoyUCzu/2N/f56juIMTVXjZhwf4
K7aD0up2tEs6K0OiE6x9rJYBrt0lBLPWWvuzuE+asAQSCOyiGqanmLXWo3deevNfP7KqQ6tP3TpQ
vNMQdYdPH9o2tZvK0CzwNuwbvgCPP81p1eZR/xK4c5o3vfzVpZq6u1KnbbfbAVtSvCYXQDQ9TlhV
MpLk0ISsA/xJTMooYJqWsag0bU5m8cNfUOiHLi90TYPFMdH+QMgarniOhBjaW7jC8EEU0oY8I3Sh
ZphyQhnS53lyek0LbdgaUMSQh4rRSQ2B6DwcrtBB5OoIEbXDiR8usTEsfOJgOLhDKWamidezYmhS
MkQtJmhGVfRiYY6SRf8xZoaLZryiSD6RxlCRMWxtPA4YuhjHDZaFjnWcSiKcmMePoLGPcKIZIOOy
xzIOkjtzPKQi8VdIOC5yKn98pCS91kgoTBKSibykJu20Hj5ushlcxOMnR8maThqSlPDzoChRyUrF
iMSTrQzlKltJy7kYoJJPqKVo5nhLXfoyNDu4ZR1O+cuH8bKXxUxmYUSASycosxxcZOYzp7kZHQzT
kdRcRjSZOctsejOYzLymJb3JjG1yk5zozIcMStDMJqRTGeY85zvnCbkYiDOX9IynDrpJT1KCk533
dGY+jxkDfvZTk+s8QTuZ0E99stOgB13kP+2JBViy0qEPhWhE40iDFSz/dAkNJahHBblRiU5UBR9V
Qkg5xAOSljSPCX1BSpOwUg/6wKUvFWNMYTBTJFDvAHUzDkZdcMGcanGnLQ2oOz/nACIFtThDlWlR
jWrDHAShp0coYv9K2S+cfiaqPKUBVYHY0SEIs6LEXFcmzUSkAyzwXTKAUsKmlMBAISNLW/qeWDPk
p2X8aYsiNetUx5o3q5o1nGjFpjrXqoynyW1giLIUo5LRMBpEqmRCksG+npUAwLL0sCQQK2Gbh1TQ
YtUIKWKspPyVvJA1ylcymBaxkGEsZAXvbBnibDIWta8ZBha03PTqaLdTA+BSlAF8HN2bMmc7ofX2
YEDCFLIKCFegtKhK/wJIBpFkBxqwmnawww1hWY2rUKUylD6qdRvRQFcDk4WvumajVqR+ZVfffpa8
KQBveIFZWvweN7np3d7/SNZeYflpaeud2gKByruCdfe3/i2oaPfL1ZNGuLyJHadDAgwyoUFObeZj
XVe5J4MF4s6zNr0wUSdM4SkaVsUeNS9I0cshZjC3YQN2HNZ6leAY/YpekSohhGGcXxy0OCY2IDJP
ZaxSGnuQGcaTUms9rIxfAZV4tJXB7nqMIE5ltzXeVfJI9Xtkkon5B6ctQmprzIynKY9u6xtfDZg1
ge4BdU0LmEGwwDzkM0sVZUe+gZ+vymSa3nATzlhUZxMcQU1NkK5WWv8w5eiVqDUx7YAPvu+gBVvg
lwp604dNc2JAc1vQLFC6KI4HqP3rMmriYNWsLrRPCyODQlGrs6HhHcv4rGlYR3irl/y0r2EsasXk
2QYCcLAaS83rFA/7zIjm6KufDW1ZZ1UxD1AZARKg7MwQSQBupU2Yqa1kaJgOGuQedrEH2ut0u3uf
0AA0gOIt7Hfbe93zHLe9941Sevv7xfwO+JIzjM9891ngCE+4wt2N73fqe+EQj7jEY01wgbpYoxKj
48MnzvGOe1ym1kYtrTFOXOFOYOMfT7nKU97wUZK5Ngdfucxn3vGWz/tlZzISkhw9wLhGCdI6x1L3
uOQllUEQ6PUVVFv/K7e8dtP86VBfOBYVW6Hqcmq2kqUB4w51u6z7S3M2CLLxarCvRfEqGe57+clj
HvW2u/3ZU9ewXFybq9u+ru67+jpsgWXgamWZZcmSHZ2fJTtp9d1at4qV8u7G9rc7/vHlfqPcCSm0
niuEXvbC18Ce21VUA+zNxOp2yjqfKc2CXeMshLzqV19tyRd87lQWsciMZuRavddyK2OvaAXc9Maz
/vfAH7jrLQ57+BrOWyOTWtIQHCCnzVmvKOM941Mf/OpbP6lcsOg+Yq895NMexJdzG9zkJrvNSZ9N
ZLDw9dfP/rOWIq0e4j7iTD+BxeU4xGh7azOYrmMb0x/HvXcg7TeA/+ynP/DHIvLnOoknK+VnIVbW
XLijO3V2XaaHPoU3PF03AVGGPIuHfulHgCAYfKhzgELBaDHSPfoyYNkyZ3JGA3SGPmSHdiwog+Vj
co7RXyGYgzRXMcO3VBf3P2siQZbXDBJ0QGSiQLVDOQ4kQGPiaJhWQUw3fWqgg1T4dNGDXCSoTDOj
flXYhVJ3hdpHShDjhWQYcVdYcT7ocHvBhWXYhup2hmh4XgbHFmzohnZYbjwIBmE4Sm1iD3V4h4BI
XnCYfXhRiKrQh24SiIr4a4NIiIb4iJSAiLOwiJQ4BH3zBYgBiZroBJKoBThYiaCIAnlIEptYinrQ
iTDyh6FIiaP4Bv+ZaIqwWASoyAXjtYqVeIkTEou6+AsqoYq2qIO4uCO7OIwWAQsA94tV2IrYQYzM
aAXBcIzIWIDBGAev2IyGOIueUFzR+Hv14wjVaI14gY1r6IvbWHPTqAjfCI5pIY6D8InlOHHn2Ajp
qI5awY5d4Y7vKHDxiAnzSI9KYY9cU2/5CHd00Q/96I84AZCZAI0DKWb72BkIOYwKGQoC2ZCcVpBP
cZARaRIT2RIVaZGiiJHRoZEbSREd6Q0fGY0Z0SCOWJKmeJIQoY2h2I0s+X4u+ZI1eY+bQID8kJPC
eJOaCJP4gW4qBw0+iY5AWYpCeZS0+G8MaYlOqYxMiZRJGZRTKSIUUdmTV6kRJFmV6wCSYEltXgmJ
IQAAOw==
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image038.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlhDQLUAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALCUANgDh
AX8AhAAAAAAAAE1NTWhoaHx8fGBgYICAgJqamoyMjKenp729vbKyssDAwNnZ2dDQ0MfHx+Hh4fDw
8Onp6f///wECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwX/oCGOZGmeaKqubOu+
cHwGYmDfeK7vt+z/wKCQBCgaj8ikcslsOp/QqHRKVRoY2Kx2y+16v+CweEwum8/cADYwabvf8Li8
zauj7/i8/muo+v+AgYKDUFd7h4iJiotbagxsc5GSk3M7jJeYYn2EnJ2en4OGmaOkpXuOkJSqq6p1
NqawaJugtLW2taKxurtdrr52j2usw8TEPLzIs7fLzM1SucjReb85jKjCxdnarDrSo8rO4eLh0N7m
jcfe14/b7e6tr+eJ4OP19p/l8qW/+mlr2O8CCoSTrh8ZevcSKvSTz+AhSw7JrEs1sKJFNzcigkG4
sKNHJg01lqkmEs3EiyhT/3YryfGjS5chS6IjKRPPyZQ4ca7U1/KlT4UxS+KouehmzqM5M57r+bPp
uKD6dhIt+o8d0qtJHUlj6rQrM6jRaE4dZRSr2YtSTXH1ypYWWFhix5oqe7Yu2nhq2+olZ26o3LBV
KdodvC1HjVhr9yoO9NYa3r/S6BKeTAnHDMSLM7vl9RiyusCUQ1eyrEJrqcSaUxea69ezPMmi7Rqe
0WOEaVKoVete0thkZ9dRQceWXduE2B63v+1ezhDTb+D9YA+/W7xE6y/PMeVmzry3GKXQRUqf7m62
8esSsyvazn23dy/gwwsVTr486fPx9ag/xL696vfoyDfWePVNch9+ySmyX/8e/fmnGYBrJCigePQV
aOCBJMRFSn57NOjgYgAuOKFDBNZnnnXoISPhHR5+uNd7K45IYTBWWTjBiRmmeI6IY7ToYluNcShj
TSUOhmGOPO6YpBc+/ujVWzEOOR+NghGGo206ThXlRk46CdaWUmpUpEpH1pClZ2B20WSXTQW1ZJgG
jTlQmQZoOGKaW+Rm454oxYQnnCRWiNKVZr4Z3p9Y6MnnogKFhCig0QkaEKF1ngnpI38qyuim2zT0
6KWvSZoNpXaC2osZmnKq6jD5fGpqX6KuQmelhr5KY49TrKorK+W4amtksY5WHZK1/ppFmqnuqqwc
0PhqrIrB0kFnqc+eAWb/sstm20az1Q4o6rSWdnvHlthqu2wuzooby02kCqluIlGWW9cB79zAqb3b
HvsuURPZgAK1+8IbhrxYNSBAlcXgy6jCoqQb8IaBoejuw5fEmytGvlBXrw33cpxvVRRHNBGtDods
7cAX0yFJlfYmcPAACsDRAAE2ENAAxjio4gDNARwAAc4TuBzAAA68AcEBN9gMtNAwwyH0AREoPIEC
Awwds9MHHyABw/qaHCimE3u9D5dSvIEwRnHccDAOVwetwwLS5jxJAjr8fKMNa9/wQBsN7FD03QHk
bUPbPNtQtcdu40DAG4UHzjXIYr9WbORU8ZHyjSunXXMEiQ/QBgSbR8Cz/91SR+LA5m4vDjgBnCtQ
cxtV7z3B1kPHzXrnbTzwuuj4nh4A3K4HcHXwtxfuRsOUJ09xjKmerTJBNtgNeBtIB3DzBH33HLcq
CETfRgQIkO799m9IoIDxgEuPb/fW870+4q9PwPP12aeCvPL4q8v85c5jDj1F+Fqb2QJHvgudTWoK
25kOCji9BpKvDgx83K3yR0Fb7ad5mfvfACGBQI+VTlggBNrU8LYA2nEQcQ3s4Al3EEHENaxkFYwh
kfZXNrRFgmUoDGAOCejAlaFwg0CcwOEk8MAdrjCIH2yh/Y4FQxk6kUQX5F8Gg0i+6tHPBvTqYSTY
dz3wiQ+AHvRY1MIIRv9IcNF9HmMfEeNwRuxJcHJPjKOYCkDDKJhtiiIkX/ZYx7sAfFFnqKOb53qI
r8PtrXpHFKHuArC4PkLCd/TKHgJyFzr0TaBhdJSjJqETgAJk0nI1fF4lNFdGN9AtBwlwAyKzKAlE
3uB6KmxD8NRmAyLGsg2Ns2TjArdG+eEgb8c7liebuMlizmWYZLMjziCowTxOQIGMvF4bJMC+SVLi
fFhUnxHdQDWrjZFet2zDKVMpNWz2rJfixKIJg7kGT37SmPAUjzvrCAVzWal2AcHkPOPJzzi5851q
upw9yeRHWdoglfkU5jyJ2c+GWuufAOUCwQYqkAXsQACcS2g7/wlHh3r/1FqdhCg9n0DRozyAfUNL
QEY1+giIIvOjMHWOS1/KJIGWdFX6dGlHY8pTJs40onmy6U05ldOZMrSn8bTBT2ka0FAOFacKXWrY
kEpVsC2VqRIV6lMXVdSr7rSqT8TBVTmazHpuFaobHetCjwpWsSlVrWQFpTLPStSownWhbfXoW++6
T7mala6b6ipf6cjWvFbrBoMVaVlJCtjA2jWxwyysYUGFWMgq1q+MbSxXH2tZwn51spStbGfjWlOn
JuyHW00iS0M6Wp1KFrSc3GtrSdvUuY4KtU9V7TsEO9vIvha2/BJtby9bWtv+QrM3xO1qhyvVcAH3
TmJlrlEX6wSzgQGH/0dkWtvaAE2f4cwBB1Pd1KrWNKMhUmluaABKvfuGbpb3DU9bZ584K12OAuy5
wBFufXVK3SZYFzukjJvghGfKugnYBtY8ZdLS6zdK6kCaCo4fLn+pW3fwdr9G/S1+96FfDPMXs9XF
yHUDvDrOnXKQvrsd3VS34AlwznfAGxzsAiA72g1ybUTMHoptEGMCj5CRnLOkRS7sYddqeMMPyUGR
4TrSENNhxM28gTbNOD4vxk2aE2AfxsQ7TXOuUAErdYOWpaW6+aGxf+0g8pKNfGQkp6fDa/Zqf5nw
X/iQ+JaqLR0zn7lLKidNdnFbICGVu1v6xtmr93WzgnZw6MQ22b8iBv9wlLepRWcCTtDBE0AJ8SWB
XQoAljxQYkrU3OixJlrRZlByqUf7aDpH2s6TLmWlGThrIdaSgRBYwOHwmWdKX4TUq2byqVEdIR0E
e7atXkKde3FnSrfRylpUoxzwNUaEyVfabLTBFQltYUMfu7MFQbWqv83cZCth2WlotqxTbGJe/xCS
bgyANQ05AUTOuH2gwye8JelgPgq5IsAmd2sh0lZGCxzD5k4Cuhuhbiq6Utu09uUv1zhLvN063zmQ
pqd72ThgzjetBz80MIpZh5CLfM7KXmaoY03FqfGMvbM2p9baS14wY3GaB1gbzGX5cnQmTmsVTrO3
Tb5mVyiv5EQ/dsL/kYDczYI86SanBqCoAfWkL/0ITedTwKtudWqEOxNeNzjXx07c2v416wXaOtnX
rtawu33cbI+7o1F+brRbSO1yz7ve9171qxvB7ncfOt8HT/jCB9vvRQB82gVv+MY7/vHIprvCFU8e
vEP+8pjPPFaDyqYPWV7zoA893xHf+RcxXvSoT33cLVZ6/3xe9bCP/bdZ33ruoEv2uM891Glf++Xc
XvfAD/6qydV72zdC+MhP/n6vVfzupEH50I8+ZJHVfN/3QvrYz/5PqV993XhK++DPPp7W1P17fD/8
6E9+psr/H+ywNv3wh72hyM/+p4Th/fHPv+Y/Rf/68+X++Kd/Amh4/8XSf/7XDFAygApYeL5igAe4
DEESgAs4gX3nLA74gLbgHbJFgRwocFOFKxioFyEigR1YgkW3HiEogtNAgibYgsP1WVlwgSmID6fA
gi54g3z1gbIwg2wBIeiAg0A4WDBodjz4Ez6YBjYYhEA4hMVVhEboGBuohC6og/zhhE5xhAAohS1I
hfNghW3CYUmoheHHhGUgg17IGOsShWIoflx4CWZ4hn+Ahb4RXWsofMN2GnD4EnJYg2FYh5fnXMmQ
hzARHWroh4/XhoEoiB6xh0VRiIa4d4i4FYq4iEIhdo+4e2lBFG84iVHAiGnYh5e4ZJEYEZvIiU/g
ibtgiaEoXQQnIHelaIpNgIp9oYqr2FyZOCSvCIu8EVpwZ4itaCu5qItJIItaQodLCIimEozCeATE
CBm/MIa+IDbKuIxF0IxDQnWZJ3VONI3UaI3G8nbGWF/gOIr5w43L6I35M47auGHmKIxD8I7wGI/y
OI/0WI/2eI/4KALUOA4hAAA7
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image040.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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=
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/image042.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlhsALWAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALFEAKQBU
ApYAhAAAAAAAAE1NTUBAQGhoaHx8fGBgYICAgJqamoyMjKenp729vbKyssDAwNnZ2dDQ0MfHx+Hh
4fDw8Onp6f///wECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwX/4CGOZGmeaKqubOu+
cCzPdG3feK7vB+D/wKBwSCwaj8ikcslsOp/Q4aFBrVqv2Kx2y+16v+CweEwuUwPotHrNbrfN8Lh8
Tg/3ovi8fs/v+6FTdYKDhIWGZgEUiouMjY6Pjm5qh5SVllZ3f5qbnJ2efIGXoqOWkqanaF6JkKyt
ro+opLKzWJmft7i5un+htL6/qGo8IwGqr8fIyYyxv81ztrvR0tPUP73O2HKowzLFXavK4eLhptnm
WdDV6uvsoOfvWqfcw95c4OP4+eRp8Nnp7QADCixyrR+pbfMSmqi35Z6+hxBdnTJo6d/AixjZFaR4
SJjCjy4YxotIsuS+VBwH/1nMyLJlro0p47QBSfOFyCwOTercCWtNTDgrXQod6gfmzy9sairtZoyn
06eQJh0FE5So1atOjE7F4nGpV6bfoIodu8zn1lpY06p9ovXnzK9wZ9zkSrauXQpSz1Zdy5dvW3hJ
4wq2MfdKzruInZqNubev46t/s6UZTDlHYSuHE2tWjJJi48egXUaeFbiyacJNN6sey6/f59CwL46+
1PW07RuXq2RezVsnG3+xg0OWHOC2cR25z/Rebre1r9fCo1ebXWjy8eu4UzPf/tT5LOjSw++iPmcN
9vPZw3JfT9L8geSUwIuf/4k8IjTo8+OAv5u9f1bulQDfIfLRZ6Am9olhnf9+DNbA338QtlIbCouJ
UuCBGO6RIFLFNeihg9pF+F+AKVTYWUUZpjhedR1+6CJY9ojIHokU5hXPiYZcqOKOTGyIE34vBhnD
gzLyRmONOILhnUo8NsmJj7oBKeSUNoVYJFlHnlChTAOOoaOTYErBJZVkwkDklVBluZCNhLAJVJhw
6pHggmXWucKZaJo0IZJJ0tYlF1/GCad9LdppqAp45pmPmiRsCcyf6AgqaVYKFnropQtZqegxjBLj
5jl9fhHopE2OJiWmqAqo6aaR7KnlkjGFCiiptCIRmaWp5vreqpt26imsZ0HawKi1ptjWqbrqmmie
vorg6Flc/UlssRhqhWv/srkuK6KrawIL7TcDTkutgUZdi22q2q7X7LPfjgHftKzG+99GyJ6rLK+r
rftpuzJ1Aa+8AG9XkLn2oovvXc2+5y2/dcj6b8AQr3YNwQWjmi6W3Aq4L8OGFPZwxCAj1gvFFWN6
MWf1vrowx6VEukfIMN8VCsklX3pyexn/KivLB7msR8xAjxVIyjUbrJ5vOTu7Mc/AoPVy0FDzNAXN
RR96czIJL820ZFd8HPXXEE1ddcFXA5i00itvDRgmfBSJgD5pgJ2P2GOfW/YiWWutNkf1eM2eAwL0
90rcco/zXt32Xn22wmnvfVTfbTeCCmKE41N54cpQjXid2urbuOPBeuN3/385xa1A4AQs0MgCBASQ
eln3xM0GXmg8EHgBikSAQBoFOIA3GpiLo/nmZBLp+c6gsyx65MtI2GoAgauhuiIKrIG7IpfLvgbt
0KORAAUOtPEA9sAHnznx2PJHtMbIJ7/18k83D+DzBUhAQfWuK/IAGgxQsAAa08te+SrHO0XYr3UQ
UMQE0EAA8gnOfJJDX7L4gyi9uc9xxRid8ySHhgj8bhUJKB/trifAVRAQDb5zxAQWUADCXQ6CEpHg
vb7BvvZd8IIZZB7eNgi7HnJvdtzz4Qlz8oAWbi+IMOSUDC3Wvg597oZQbEAO47fD+XEwdgN0gwOF
KMIX/g96DFhgFh+YRP+8LNFqARjAANQnrCjicFg6xB4PP8jFzJRwi3hcROsCMAE8vrCMsDgj59Ko
xjWCy42IRAocqShHK/oQjyHkY0/AIUYTdlGEeJSACzEJyEAKckpoKGQhL2PDRCJyij+T3BzziMT9
BeBt4QvA9yhgRAVQQAJGtCQ4XrjHBO5ujJ2U0PA+aZtQinKUPzKlMu2ByjxEYpVIzGMu0SCAPvpv
DdFbxS9fGU1FfDEN0evjH4P5O2J6yJjHRCZm2rhMHDYTD8+TxPMe6T8jIsCa3mydABSgyfJNIJLf
+yPrXLeAfr5tnOSknTn1g850qlOK7Gyn+wJggHdGIaGdTOMwF7qUhjr/FJmllOgpK7rIVGI0iYTc
KEc/4tGPjjKiIp0oRS0KhZOWMaUrNU1LXbpGmMY0eRQ1AEn9ZtPCEbKnOY3LTl0a0p+6EQ1CHWoc
i2rUY6o0qQ46Kk9f6tSuRimqUmUkVeWmVTVeFatmKutWm+rVKAY1qjR9wljNp9Y1ojUhdWWqT9sK
urfCtaTOnCvm8rq+u3Yjrx/dK18xCNa/ElWwQUOsXQ1LGMmmk62LdWdjHTtVyEZ2rZSVi2WtqtjM
vm+zYI2rEzxL1q0iNbQtWGpiS2tapvkVtaptAmvBNlqznnWhsnUoZmvbV6iiNrWAhWeagMkpTjri
bazcbW9HCds1uVaU/8MlLmOPu9ncMkEsmyRjNxsBuF0617PTfelv0Rfcy9JWuxy7LXeF6t0lgPe8
g8NvNBEq2PRalbLtJS18Y5qG+eI2uRe9ojwd4YBIvtKDfsTk6V7ZT13eD3Xj+yHwtCeARkTvEbrj
XQoXMWEEVNiBtgvA9fzXutetrsXT24x/SYvVAGP3vQP+lnENfODRxagREGhDCsO7iGnuUZfZREMC
Z2c6FC4ilrYkr/iKrIYjOzB6s8RfAUlsPdXM2L2LK5qNuZpjZaqBx/OtrxIi8WNGhBN8DIzwKoKs
4lvm0oH1u2ad9ws8KHM5ACPWYwASSAExNpACdMYdLsN7Pfu5sn9fnP/eo/UcY8pd99I9Xa/J/Jvd
MjNsx2hOM4JrKrk2f7Cg80RiJFMYS11CGIlDVIQ+F4G6VqzwzhRYtSJa7cBAR/J31/s1+VZsaUxf
mk5VG7NvPX3KAocazWpOApsb4ggHq5jQcmYlkenI51V8cXyurDQjigjEO453wQtOzJcxjWyyGbvT
zA6dfJ8tah9TuxETmCb0hsxcc/v7kqswKAV+aT9HfFEAYdx2tmFXbi1qZt3GzjTZOB1vKDqb3vSO
NhKmPRIQM+DIh972v7Fo4TwS3HuQ2KM1FQ5rTiKUv8WOuMx92247KbunFdcsxnceVpPizdSPqOTC
dQ1n5i48mq6MZIb/U33iXDu56CVfRCTxyYipLwfiM79xYV10c3jn3CBr4LnYNX4EjuPEEXv0XQTi
3PI5o0HRuB45txWRzQ6nXMkDJ1yi7cxyCrgSlij3OxoAL0sZZ/3wpNV0ZbqO468748xij3zPA7sM
oFNg7Wzgd9SnGXdMEm6bB8UkA9LQP0h8k5posCbn+05LbOJT39U0POJnr94XMd7xtr245CNPdiPE
0+H4RkD0EPBqluPPliwn3D9RfrlKUt3gMBY49dCAfKMzgoWDfz72X/l8hNH+++qteTE53XjckwbU
u99974vAHbZHpJ/Ehoj7A4Z18K9161+5vfl1DPn0+5++oyZXMtZB/95EfSXxS9gmPASoZ1EGMfVn
f65VGvlHfvsnb/P2f/63fkSgGqPHBgJQcA9RZfrQgdgEgvQHgSjIU2+hEPpXgXwTdhgYg90VgKul
GhDgYATATyQROAJgYg9xg2mQgyZ4gilYhBEofln1buXngg2DfjL4hMj1WLsFMg9ohLMngUNCgUxo
Dm0AhV54XBo4BFMYNVVohfYXZgqjhFuIDf33hW4IhjSoW2P4WWZYhzK3gp6ihmsoC134hn5Yb501
hw5oh4SIeGygh3vYEX34h4zIY2EoBIIINGVYiISYXr+RiFzCBo24iRj3iEEQiTEziZRYh5bYWG+A
iWdwCpy4irwXh//fBYohI4qjaIWlaGDMQFzBcIGsuIs854lAAIuxOIvCGHG1KHm3KFOowIvK+Ia+
+APASIXDGI3XVYxfmIsToYjWKAnLuI2s2Iw+ICMwBxHQlV/idSWyKI1nyG7c6IjZ2I7r+I7wCIhi
NSP69RDlhQzhqCjniI7fR43x+I8AGZB+6I0A8HttoG71CDcJOXcRs4/8eIXqKJASOZEUqX6uaF8R
VCLPMwG7IwDjEwEtJADi5gBG1DuOUGJCtwgD5WIodju5s00mqWHgsJKVxmEedl4h9naBdmEUFl4p
tmI0CX0EBSAPWZSjFJEVmZRKuZQzODqI8jxJpmV4N31rUHqKME3/2fRnW8Y9WAZ1ajA+QCSVexZE
+DNifiZlbLB0RhZeXXk/XaaVbxcVRmmU/siUdnmXAEmQkfCUV/Q2rsRNdHZomFc/ixYAEPZFeYZr
kxZpeGZAFIBACsR2lbOYALRFZ+mWgIZ2gxaZ+YNocVmYutRoghcAkFaZo1maASBu2DOXRVmXePma
sMmLepmRFLKRDrRy5fNLrDZ4V/l0vOZ05kVCT4dv2xd1wjZCeDRrdNeZkHBrhEN0v5kGvnZJwUad
sMCaD+masbmd3OmGqeCUGnlFc0c4H/Y7djdyDUdE+hZ16FY+3zaaqqk/66lt1ieT4QVEkoOd/Kid
3dmf/pl+8ONz/9jDl48Ua92UfGOUnqtDTQlndO0ZcLxJcI9wcA0adW2nYEeUbozwHvopjfz5nyAa
otBWBeBZm+KZR+TpedBDnxZKT4+Zekf3ciJ0coX3CCp3dBfqogzJClPTocP4oSIapEL6V1RQolqS
at2mCLq5a7wJnLtZPlaHpJmkcFF6oqOpdFFRPk0HnX1XpVUHo67Qoz46i0A6pGYKopAjVhRTOgDH
bbFEmEYEYYkmAaCpP7wZS7PES3i3TXn0d0WXp5hUd6zQS3lXPntXp+Plp3hqp9y0qI4wNGM6imV6
ppS6nZ1hpAuBpAaKmWrQgK0HTpUDe7jpEKfXPZIEer2pBrHXTf8kaJUGh01gunr1+ang9Hqu9wgz
E6mFOKmV2qt2KRKjcwqa2qaLQG4qtpOYeU+Xs333tKMsRlACt3w1Wk/Zx5DO1wo0KX2YWX0t6k32
pH3fCgkz45C6alVI6avoaqldE4hjCH96wpxQMTHlaoa8mq72GpA3IYVTiICLsoBf5KlPMTDzaoT1
eq8Gu45zoa/oFYQj2AYfSBb0Qq66WrAHW7G76DHsylo86IP6AIQMpIMQ2xADC4EUa7Em+4cOk7HP
iCbWMrLgV7InG7NQmBwKu7JFciwSq58wK7M8m4FeIC7jMh+34rKGeK49e7TeGS5Bu7SmkrN0abRI
G7UYGFJAu7T/0kEdN0e0awS1Utu1rSgGVWu1wkEoTuuhXOu1aBtqmBW2YhsbG1K2P3q2aTu3uBVR
bNu2oeEjWVuuO0u3PQtvd4u3jwElEAW3lSi3fpu2XneRgrsjhBslWntZiJu4UftEP9u4pPK46xS5
R3lslOu3jRe4mLsWmmsYe9uak/u5J2u5djC6klK6P3K60di3qnumrOslrisosMtM80q7tSuit1sG
opu7wzEKajCmvvu7/rm4rUu8YbK7YZAGOpu6yiukFsQkzgsm0OsusluEyVu9v8q8ZjC82SsU21sG
a4CO3wu+FHm9lUC+5dsS56sN0kumx6aL7Aub7PIL8Bu/GTG//014vKR4hFKUv/0ZvKTQv/4rG9BS
v96rgvWAvwYskZfIGAvsuPzSBi87W4YxwUrpvu+gwBccEAB8ft27tQLGFR6Mr/s7FSI8wu1Qwo8i
wMd2Yw2xwu8IwkfxwjC8DjLMhQ7MVMtmDzjcjRUMOjzcw9NhZoeodUhRxIyowyyTxEo8DT/sFi3c
wVAsg6e4TFRcxdFwxcioe1vMXdfYVV8Mxrogxk+liUXcxfCVxmqMC2zcTskotccYb3I8x/WBihxi
Cmaax1u4x3zcCXVcce3oBkmbyFnsx4RcyJtwyH58I4wcDJOMIpA8tpe8yTn3yJlcFJwcyp7myZ8M
CtV1yqhcAwWlHBshAAA7
------=_NextPart_01C5CEC5.9C5B3770
Content-Location: file:///C:/B10812B9/ManoaPre-postAssessmentSummary_files/header.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"